No wonder it was a blowout quarter.

After market close Monday, Apple reported a fiscal fourth-quarter profit of $1.67 billion, or $1.82 a share, on revenue of $9.87 billion. That topped the estimates of analysts surveyed by Thomson Reuters, who’d expected the company to earn $1.42 a share on revenue of $9.2 billion.

The company sold 3.05 million Macs during the quarter, a 17 percent increase over last year. It sold 10.2 million iPods, an eight percent decline from the year-ago quarter.

And iPhones? Apple (AAPL) sold 7.4 million of those–seven percent more than during the same period last year. So much for those supply-chain issues that some analysts warned might undermine iPhone sales.

“We are thrilled to have sold more Macs and iPhones than in any previous quarter,” said CEO Jobs. “We’ve got a very strong lineup for the holiday season and some really great new products in the pipeline for 2010.” [Editor's Note: "...really great new products"--is that code for a tablet?]

Apple shares, which closed at $189.86 today, are spiking as I write this. At $203.90, they’re up more than seven percent in extended trading.

Looking ahead to its fiscal first quarter, Apple estimates it will earn between $1.70 and $1.78 a share on revenue in a range of $11.3 billion to $11.6 billion. That’s comically lower than the $1.91 a share on $11.45 billion in sales that analysts are forecasting. But as today’s results clearly demonstrate, Apple subscribes to the underpromise-and-over-deliver school of guidance theory, so there’s likely little cause for concern.

So, to recap: Apple sold more Macs and more iPhones than in any previous quarter in the company’s history. Before the holiday quarter. And in midst of the worst economy we’ve seen in 50 years.

Notes From the Earnings Call:

• Apple COO Tim Cook and CFO Peter Oppenheimer are handling the earnings call. CEO Steve Jobs will not be attending.
• Oppenheimer says this was Apple’s second-highest quarterly revenue ever. Highest-ever operating margin. “We are thrilled with these record-breaking results, particularly given the economic environment around us.” Obviously.
• Macs are showing “fantastic momentum,” says Oppenheimer. Sales have outpaced the market in 19 of the past 20 quarters. Quarterly sales were up 17 percent; portable sales, 35 percent. Interesting: 42 percent growth in Asia.
• Moving on to iPods: Sales were down to 10.2 million from 11 million a year ago. But iPod touch sales doubled. MP3 market share in the U.S. is now more than 70 percent (according to NPD, I think).
• iPhone sales were up seven percent. Apple will begin selling iPhones in China later this month. More than 85,000 apps in App Store. Two billion downloads.
• Apple opened 15 new stores during the quarter. Now has 273. Will soon open first two stores in France, including one at the Louvre.
• Moving on to the Q&A. Asked about those iPhone 3GS supply issues I mentioned earlier, Cook acknowledges that demand did outstrip supply in a number of countries. But the situation improved “markedly” in September. How are things looking for China? Cook: “I would have liked to have had more, honestly, because we were still short in some countries at the end of the quarter.”
• Apple is obviously very excited about the iPhone’s impending debut in China. “There’s a good opportunity, and we’re really excited to get started,” says Cook. “It’s the largest market in the world in terms of total phones.”
• No comment on the broader economy. “We just spend our time projecting our business and leave the economy to the economists.”
• Does Apple worry about iPhone rivals? Android? Not really, says Cook. “We feel very good about suiting up and competing against anyone.” Our competitors are still trying to catch up with the first iPhone, he adds.
• Snow Leopard? Cook says the company’s been “pleasantly surprised” by sales of Apple’s latest OS.
• How does Apple benefit from carrier-exclusivity iPhone deals? Cook says carriers with exclusivity deals are willing to invest more in the platform and that means greater innovation. Visual voicemail is an example of that. That said, he adds, “We’ve found no lack of people wanting to sell iPhones, frankly.”
• International store revenue up more than 20 percent, on average.
• More on iPhone supply issues. Cook insists this is not a component issue, though he notes that silicon can sometimes be hard to get. “We feel good about our position now.”
• And still more on iPhone supply issues: How many iPhones would Apple have sold if it had an adequate supply? Impossible to say, really, Cook says, adding that 3GS units were in short supply virtually everywhere in September.
• Enterprise demand for the iPhone is very strong. It’s either being deployed or already in use at some 50 percent of Fortune 100 companies. Same with Europe and the FT 100. Widely used in higher ed and government as well.
• But perhaps not widely enough. Asked about institutional sales, Cook says Apple isn’t seeing much stimulus funding. The company’s worried about state spending. Says Cook, “We may see more this quarter, but it’s too early to tell.”

As the analyst notes, NPD data for the first two months of the September quarter show Mac sales up about seven percent year over year. iPhone sales are even more robust.

“Our checks indicate that worldwide demand for the iPhone 3GS is outstripping supply,” Munster writes. “This strong level of demand, we believe, will support unit sell-through of about 7.5m units in the Sept. quarter.”

Continuing, Munster notes that “PJC Wireless Analyst Mike Walkley’s checks for the first two months of the Sept. quarter indicated constraints at retail for the iPhone 3GS. We have also seen signs of constraints in international markets. Media reports indicate that the CEO of wireless carrier 3 Italia indicated that the company is selling 20k iPhones per month, but could sell more than double that amount if it had adequate supply.”

If this is problem, Munster asserts, it’s a fleeting one: “While supply constraint is a issue near-term, we see it as a long term positive, as worldwide demand appears to be very strong for the iPhone 3GS.”

In quarters past, Apple has guided revenue four percent below Street expectations on average and earnings-per-share 12 percent below Street expectations. But the company’s actual results have typically beaten those estimates by an average of three percent on revenue and by 24 percent on earnings per share. Munster expects this to be the case again when Apple reports earnings on Monday.

Over at RBC Capital Markets, analyst Mike Abramsky sees Apple’s forthcoming earnings report playing out in much the same way for largely the same reasons. “Checks show that the iPhone 3GS is the most popular Smartphone at AT&T and other global carriers (e.g., O2 UK, Rogers),” he wrote in a note to investors today.

“Despite launch in June,” Abramsky added, “some models of the iPhone 3GS were stocked out at Apple retail stores and carrier stores through Q4; however, checks show retail availability appears to have improved early September. While sell-through of the prior-gen iPhone 3G has been slow at AT&T since the launch of the iPhone 3GS, we believe the $99 iPhone 3G is gaining traction outside North America given lower upfront cost (important where prepaid is high).”

Demand for Apple’s iPhone 3GS, which topped one million handsets sold in its first weekend at market, has surpassed even the company’s presumably aggressive targets. Reporting earnings Tuesday, Apple (AAPL) said it sold 5.2 million iPhones in its third quarter and finally copped to something that’s long been apparent to anyone who’s been keeping an eye on its iPhone availability widget: Demand for the new iPhone 3GS is far outpacing supply.

“The iPhone 3GS is currently constrained in virtually every country we’re shipping in…and we’re working very hard to fulfill that demand,” Apple COO Tim Cook said during a conference call with analysts, adding that if the situation persists, some overseas launches might be delayed.

“In terms of affecting the country rollout, I believe the vast majority of the countries that we are selling the 3G in we will be selling the 3GS I think by the end of the fiscal quarter,” Cook said. “It may move a date by a few weeks here or there…I don’t want to predict today when supply and demand will balance. I know that it will not balance in the short term. And I don’t want to give a prediction, because as you can guess it’s very difficult to gauge the demand without having the supply there to find out what it is.”

Cook added that Apple expects to bring the 3GS to most countries where the iPhone 3G is currently available by the end of the September quarter.

One last point worth noting here: Voracious demand for the iPhone has made the device the second-largest contributor to Apple’s bottom line, surpassing the iPod for the first time. Revenue for the iPod for the quarter slipped 11 percent to $1.492 billion, down from $1.678 billion. Meanwhile iPhone revenue grew 303 percent to $1.689 billion, accounting for 19 percent of the $8.3 billion in revenue Apple reported in its third fiscal quarter.

Amazing to think the device debuted just two years ago. If Apple’s business model is as, as Steve Jobs likes to say, a stool that rests on three legs–the Mac, the iPod and the iPhone–then it’s increasingly becoming one that never wobbles.

In a message to clients Tuesday, Piper Jaffray analyst Gene Munster noted that Apple’s online store is currently showing 7 to 10 day lead times for its new lower-priced 13-inch MacBook Pros, and a number of the company’s retail stores are reporting dwindling supplies. “Our records show that Apple has never had a 7-10 day delay on its most popular 13-inch model, with the most recent significant delay being 5-7 days over 2 years ago,” Munster wrote. “We see this as a sign that demand is outpacing the company’s build expectations, and it may take several weeks to reach supply-demand equilibrium. In addition to delays at its online store, Apple retail stores are experiencing shortages in some 13-inch MacBook Pro models. Of the 10 Apple stores we contacted, 7 are short of at least one 13-inch MacBook Pro model.”

That being the case, Munster said he’s increasingly confident Apple (AAPL) will report sales of 2.2 million Macs for the June quarter. Not quite as high as the nearly 2.5 million Macs the company sold during the same period a year ago, but impressive nonetheless. We are still, after all, in a deep recession. Who said Macs are too pricey?

For Telefonica, which, through O2 and Movistar, is already the exclusive carrier of Apple’s (AAPL) iPhone in the U.K. and Spain, the deal is another coup. As Mathew Key, chairman of Telefónica Europe, noted in a gloating press release, “Telefónica is fast becoming the home of the smartphone.”

And for Palm (PALM), well, it’s another big step on the road to recovery. As CEO Jon Rubinstein said earlier this year, “We’ve been fighting the battle with basically both hands tied behind our back for the past year and half. Now we’re getting on the playing field, and we’re going to be extremely competitive. But it’s the beginning.”

“You know the beautiful thing: June 29, 2009, is the two-year anniversary of the first shipment of the iPhone. Not one of those people will still be using an iPhone a month later.”

– Palm investor Roger McNamee

Palm (PALM) seems to have satiated pent-up early demand for its new Pre smartphone, constrained supplies be damned. In a pair of investor notes issued today, analysts at Pali Research and JP Morgan say that sales of the Pre have tapered off to a point where supply and demand are roughly in parity.

“We have concluded our 3rd round of channel checks for the Pre,” writes JP Morgan analyst Paul Coster, who notes that demand for the handset is hovering at about 40,000 per week. “The gap between supply and demand has closed at Sprint and BestBuy stores, waitlists are eliminated or down, and most stores now have Pre devices in stock.”

Pali Research analyst Walter Piecyk also surveyed the Pre landscape and reached a similar conclusion, though he sees the slowing of sales as a bit more pronounced. “We believe that Palm Pre sales have slowed over the past week for Sprint to under 40,000 from 50,000-60,000 last week,” he writes. “…We suspect that if sales continue to moderate, Sprint would increase its marketing budget for the product. The marketing budget behind the product has been somewhat limited to date compared to the marketing push that Apple does.”

Indeed. And let’s not forget that Apple (AAPL) has a new handset on the market that’s been selling quite well. Makes you wonder if this ebb in demand for the Pre is somehow related.

Guess it’s looking like Palm investor Roger McNamee’s hyperbolic predictions about iPhone-to-Pre conversion aren’t going to quite pan out.

“We think the Palm Pre is by far the best product we’ve ever shipped and I am very happy with how we are managing the launch,” CEO Jon Rubinstein said on an earnings call Thursday, though he refused to disclose actual sales numbers. “We are successfully ramping supply to meet demand that is strong and growing.”

Rubinstein gave strong emphasis to Palm’s new operating system. “The most important indicator of our success is that customer response has been simply great, especially to Palm webOS. Just as Palm pioneered PDAs in the 90s, we believe it has now pioneered the mobile operating platform for the next 10 years and beyond. WebOS integrates information and services from the cloud and offers a true multi-tasking environment. We feel it takes better advantage of the benefits of Web 3.0 than any other mobile platform available today.”

Quite a claim, especially given the incumbents in the market and Palm’s history. The company has never been strong on execution, and while it’s done a great job of bringing the Pre and webOS to market, it has clearly stumbled a bit. Thanks to supply constraints, Palm may be leaving some sales on the table. And it hasn’t done itself any favors by delaying the release of the webOS software development kit.

WebOS won’t be the “the mobile operating platform for the next 10 years and beyond” unless developers are actually, you know, writing applications for it. And there are far too few of them doing that right now because Palm has, so far, restricted access to the SDK.

Rubinstein says that will soon change, though. “We are eager to expand access to our SDK but we need to do so in a measured and methodical fashion, so we can be sure we are providing a great development experience,” he said Thursday. “Over the next few weeks, we expect the program to grow from hundreds to thousands of developers and our goal from there is to make our SDK available to everyone by the end of this summer.”

OK. So Palm would rather do things right than too quickly. That’s understandable–especially if it has more products in the pipeline, as it most certainly does. Given the rivals against which it must compete, the company cannot afford even a single misstep. If it is to truly to revitalize its brand, it must execute, as Rubinstein well knows.

“My highest priority is execution,” he said. “That means delivering world-class products and customer support. Operational excellence in our supply chain management. Strong carrier relationships. Great sales and marketing. Strong back-office functions….Palm already has a foundation in all of these areas. We’ve been in this business for years. We have long-established industry relationships and we’ve successfully brought mobile products to market for over a decade. This footing can create a real advantage.”

But only if it’s managed well. So far, so good. We’ll find out how Palm’s really doing next quarter, which will more fully reflect the impact of the Pre.

You’ll find more notes from yesterday’s call here.

Amazing when you think about it, really. On the promise of the Pre and the company’s new WebOS operating system alone, Palm (PALM) has added more than $1.5 billion to its market cap. A quick and impressive recovery, and one that analysts say is likely to continue now that the device has had a successful launch.

In an investment note today, RBC analyst Mark Abramsky esimates that Palm has sold 150,000 Pre handsets to date and predicts it will sell 4.1 million in fiscal 2010 and 6.5 million in fiscal 2011.

Over at Credit Suisse (CS), analyst Deepak Sitaramaneven is even more optimistic. He sees Palm selling 7.7 million Pres in 2010. “The successful launch of the Pre at Sprint Nextel (S) has raised carrier interest given Palm now offers a credible alternative to Apple (AAPL),” Sitaramaneven wrote. “We believe this will drive top-line growth of 144% in calendar 2010, and our estimate is predicated on 7.7 million units in calendar 2010.”

That seems a rather…buoyant prediction for a company still grappling with Pre supply issues. That said, if Palm is able to score distribution deals with Verizon (VZ), AT&T (T), Vodafone (VOD) and others by the beginning of next year, the prediction may be within the realm of possibility. Something to think about as the company prepares to report quarterly earnings tomorrow.

Interesting. Certainly puts Palm’s claim that “Sprint tells us they have never seen higher demand for a smartphone” in perspective.

Coster’s suggestion for folks intent on buying a Pre but frustrated by the meager supply at Sprint Stores and Best Buy: Try Radio Shack, which “seems to have been neglected by eager early adopters.”

Now comes word that the company’s appetite has been renewed–and doubled. Industry sources tell DigiTimes that Apple has placed an order for 100 million 8Gb (1 gigabyte) chips from Samsung, an order so large it is reportedly causing a supply shortage. If correct, the DigiTimes report could lend a bit of credence to rumors of a low-end iPhone. Unless, of course, Apple plans to use them for something else entirely, (a single, massive 100 million gigabyte iPhone?)–also a distinct possibility.

Either way, contract prices for flash memory are likely to rise to unpleasant levels in the near future.